Macro Effects of massive Earthquake Free Essays

The earthquake also caused a high tsunami which breached the safety of nuclear plants in Fukushima prefecture. What is worse, though, is it caused a partial meltdown, and now Japanese citizens not only suffered by damage of earthquake itself but also the dangerous level of radiation from the plants. On June 10th 2013, a Japanese National Police Agency announced there were 1 5,883 confirmed deaths, 6,145 injured, and 2,671 people missing, as well as 126,458 buildings totally collapsed, with a further 272,191 buildings ‘half collapsed’, and another 741,684 buildings partially damaged(â€Å"Countermeasures†). We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Effects of massive Earthquake or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the largest economic shock for the Japanese economy since the end of World War II. It may take some time before the full economic impact of the earthquake is known, but we can still look at the scale of earthquake economically by comparing it with the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 19951 in Japan and how it affected on the economy. Thesis: The Earthquake’s Impacts on Economic Flow and Stocks There are two important points to consider concerning the impact of this catastrophe: flow and stock. Flow is economic activities in everyday life, such as spending, production, income, and many other economic rowths. Stock is a concept representing the abundance at some point in time, such as housing, factories, and social capital and so on. The flow of economic activities was damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. First of all, the earthquake and tsunami caused an impediment in physical economic activities such as production and consumption in the disaster area. Next, they cut off the distribution to the disaster area, and the connection between products and point of consumption was no longer smooth. Thirdly, it affected consumers psychologically. Less people spent money for entertainment and leisure, and the economy xperienced a sharp downturn in consumption. At the time of the Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake, the consumption and production activities fell immediately after the earthquake, but the economy slowly recovered which is mentioned later at the Impact on Japanese Macro Economy. In comparison, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami is larger than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake, and it caused nuclear power plant accident which caused serious radiation problem and the huge power outages. It got goes worse and worse, and it will have a quite long effect on its economy. The earthquake and tsunami also caused a large loss of stocks. Stocks that about 102. 31 billion US dollars. This was equivalent to 0. 8% of the stock of the whole country. Compares to the Great East Japan earthquake and Tsunami, the loss amount is much greater than the scale of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. It caused crucial widespread damage on coastal areas in eastern Japan. Japan Cabinet Office estimated the loss was approximately 173 billion dollars, and it is still not completely determined yet (â€Å"Economic Basic Data†). Impact on Japanese Macro Economy In response to the earthquake, Japan’s economy was confused; there was a sharp ecline of production activities, decline of exports, and self-restraint of consumption. Japanese macro economy recorded a big decline after the earthquake. The real GDP growth rate in first quarter of 2011 declined 0. 9%, and second quarter in 2011 for 0. 5% decrease. In the case of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 1995, on the other hand, there was a slight increase of about 0. 009% in first quarter of 1995. It was backed by strong yen, and the real GDP growth rate had an upward trend until first quarter of 1997. Even Hyogo Prefecture which was worst disaster area, showed a apid recovery as early as the second quarter of 1997. It is back up to 0. 04% growth (â€Å"Economic Basic Date†). If one takes the Japanese economic growth from 1995 into account, the Great East Japan Earthquake was worse than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. Antithesis However, there are some researchers who propose the positive effects from the disaster by economic points of view. The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology published there is a decline in suicide in disaster area. In Yamagata- prefecture, one of large damaged area from the earthquake had recorded 43 ecreases on suicidal case in 2011. It recorded there were less than 300 cases of suicide in the prefecture since 1998(â€Å"The Decline in Northeastern Japan Suicide Rate after the Earthquake†). In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare also published that the rate of suicide is significantly decreasing nation-wide. It decreased 1039 total suicide cases in 2011(â€Å"Suicide Measures†). It explained suicide rate is strongly linked to economic figures, and there was a Job increase in the waste disposal business and construction industry with the reconstruction budget injection. It will enhance the economy and thus leads to a decrease in the suicide rate. Furthermore, the earthquake had an effect on the aging population in Japan. To begin with, there was a high rate of elderly population in the area which had devastating damage by the earthquake and tsunami. For instance, there were towns called Otsuchi and Yamada that had over 40% of the population was people over 60 years old, and 30% by elderly people (â€Å"Estimated Future Population of Japanese Municipalities†). Japan has a huge aging problem, and it is estimated that the elderly will make up one third of the Japanese population in 2030. A relatively large number of elderly people were victims of the disaster, and the decrease of the amount of the aging population ease aging problem although it will Just have effect a short term on its demographic figure overall (Kouno). Synthesis Next, I will diagnose the macro-interaction to the earthquake with Japanese disaster mitigation policy. The Japanese government takes mitigation policies to recover the economic crisis caused by The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. First, they put large capital investment in its economy after the disaster. The Central Bank of ncluding quantitative easing and qualitative easing, which aims to break away from deflation. In addition, they claim there is no need to change the targeted inflation rate of 2%, which was the target set before the earthquake. The Central Bank of Japan was also indicated that they will implement Open-End type2 for government bond and eliminate the three years restriction for payback period for its bond (â€Å"Four Major Policy†) Second, the Japanese government tries to break away from deflation and encourage weak yen. In order to stimulate the recovery of production and anufacturing, and to support active economic activity, Japan is resuming the nuclear power plant gradually with new enhanced safety standards. This will be the basis for favorable production conditions in Japan. Japanese Prime minister Shinzo Abe takes a new policy of trade promotion and is trying to enhance the competitive position of Japan’s export-driven economy in international markets. A Weak yen is the direct way to enhance the export driven economy though Japanese trade is still in the difficult situation. There is a deterioration of the trade balance, and it has experienced decrease on current account surplus three months in a row. However, because the government sent the clear message of weak yen to the market, Japanese yen becomes cheaper in the past three and a half years. They anticipate the improvement on export. Conclusion In conclusion, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami wreaked enormous damage on Japanese economy. Even though some positive effects were followed by the disaster as some researchers advocated, they have an insignificant effect on the economy because of its tremendous damages which is considered to be one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world. Because it did not only inflict damages to ives and properties but also caused crucial damages to major nuclear plant stations, this is the most difficult crisis Japan has ever faced after World War II. From my perspective, Japanese government needs to have a more effective growth strategy to increase productivity since the workforce is decreasing. It needs to enhance efficient flow for workforce and capital. For instance, ease the regulation restriction for the workforce, and encourage the diversification on human resources. It is significant that government help to reform the active business activities for Japanese economy recovery. How to cite Macro Effects of massive Earthquake, Papers

Transformational Leaders and Transactional Leaders †Free Sample

Questions: 1. Explain your understanding of transformational leaders and transactional leaders. Next, do you consider the leader of your project organization ( COSTCO WHOLESALE) to be a transformational or transactional leader? Why? Provide specific examples to support your position. 2. Find a research article on QWL (quality of work life). Provide a brief synopsis about the article. Describe the important components of QWL programs. In your opinion, are QWL programs important to organizations? Why or why not? Answers: Introduction A leader can simply be defined as a person who has the ability to guide others while the other people tend to follow them. The process by which a leader generally guides the people is called leadership. In other words, it can be said that, leadership is a method by which team members are motivated to achieve the similar objectives. There are various types of leadership styles, like Autocratic, Democratic, Paternalistic, Bureaucratic, Laissez Faire, Charismatic and Missionary leadership styles. Different leaders use different styles of leadership, according to their personality. Similarly, there are various types of leaders also. But mainly, Leaders can be classified into two types - Transformational leaders and Transactional leaders. 1. Transformational leaders are those leaders who are mostly change oriented. They influence, guide and encourage their followers to bring about an all round change. They believe in motivating and engaging followers with a vision of future. They are mostly inspirational in nature and charismatic in personality which helps them transforming their followers. Hence they are capable of creating a strong long term relationships which leads to a high percentage of trust between the leaders and followers which acts as a motivational factor. Transformational leaders make effort to attain positive results from the workers by motivating them and keeping them involved in their respective jobs, leading to a high reward system. They are known as proactive leaders. Transactional leaders are those who does not believe in bringing about an all round change, they work between set established goals and organizational boundaries. Transactional leaders are task and outcome oriented; they lay emphasis on organization, performance evaluation rewards, supervision and group performance. Transactional leaders are mostly efficient when they develop a reinforcing environment, for which the individual and the organizational goals are in accord with each other. Transactional leaders demand the self-interest of employees who seek out rewards for themselves. Their rewarding and punishment techniques are mostly in traditional ways according to organizational standards. They are known as active leaders. It can be considered that the leader of the project organization, COSTCO WHOLESALE, is a transformational leader as the leadership theory followed by COSTCO WHOLESALE is Flexible Leadership Theory and one of the characteristics of Transformational Leadership Theory is that the rules and regulations are flexible in nature, guided by group norms. Moreover, in the given organization, the managers influence organization-level processes that determine a firms financial performance; they have a future oriented approach. Human capital or talent, efficiency and process reliability, innovative adaptation and flexibility are the key focus areas of the given organization (Blanchard, Carlos Randolph, 2010). This has lead to the success and sustained growth of the organization. For example, the given organization believes in providing value to its customers and hence lays emphasis on innovative adaption and makes effort to provide new and innovative products to the customers and hence it can be concluded that the organization is change oriented, and has a clear vision of the future, and hence the leader is a transformational leader ( Weibe, 2014). The other example of the presence of Transformational Leader, in the project organization, that is, Costco Wholesale, is that, the company considers its employees as the most vital property or asset of the organization. Thus, the company provides rewarding challenges, that is, competitive wages, huge benefits, healthy and safe work environment, opportunities for career, fun and challenging job, harassment free work atmosphere. All these indicate that the company goes beyond the daily basis of operations to enrich the team work to next higher level, for better performance and success. 2. Quality Of Work Life Quality of work life is all about ones job-related experience, the overall perception of an individual about his job. Quality of work life can also be defined as the favourableness or unfavourableness of a job environment for the people working in an organisation. During the period 1969 to 1974, Quality of work life (QWL) was considered to be a joint employee-employer cooperative projects, predominantly those intended to improve the outcomes of both the individual and the organization. The late 1970s and early 1980s brought renewed interest in the QWL. QWL is a worldwide concept and is frequently perceived as a universal remedy for coping with overseas competition, grievance problems, quality related issues, low productivity rates, etc. : (Yourarticlelibrary.com, 2015) During the period 1969 to 1974, researchers, scholars and union leaders became interested in influencing an individuals on thejob experience. Quality of work life is also one of an important interventions of Organizational Development which is a part of Human Resource Development (HRD). Job satisfaction is one of the key factors of measuring quality of work life as it is all about how an individual feels about his job or about his work life. Job satisfaction includes satisfaction with pay and relationship with colleagues. (Indianmba.com, 2015) Another important factor to be considered is that of stress management. The ability of an individual to manage stress also has an impact on ones perception of his quality of work-life, it also is a major factor in maintaining work-life balance. The more effectively and efficiently an individual is capable of managing stress, the more efficiently will he be able to struck a proper work-life balance (Srivastava Kanpur, 2014). The major components of Quality of Work Life includes- Communication- Open and free communication is very important in work-life. One must share ones views, opinions, thoughts and desires with his colleagues. This not only helps in reducing stress but also helps in building strong-relationships among colleagues. Job Security- Job security is very essential for each and every individual, as everyone wants to feel secured in his job, it also helps motivating employees to work harder. Workers participation in decision making of the organization- Employee participation in decision making helps increase the trust factor of an employee towards theorganization Career growth and Reward system QWL programs are very important for organizations as it helps motivating the employees and as a result the productivity increases and hence maximization of profit takes place. The article which is chosen for the assignment is Sainsburys to axe hundreds of UK store jobs. New management approach: Generally, new management approach means change of management, where from the view point of the organization and an individual, the systematic approach changes. Here the above quoted article is a new management approach, as cutting the jobs of higher designation, and employing more ground staffs is a new view to both the industry and the individuals. Improvement of current management strategies: A question may arise regarding the article which has been chosen for the assignment, that, cutting off jobs are for improvement of the company or not. It is very common that ordinary people will think that the company is not running smoothly, the company might go under bankruptcy, thus they are cutting off their employees. But there is an important inner meaning to this activity. To compete with the competitors of the company, Sainsbury has decided to cut off 800 employees of higher designation, instead, they will incorporate more ground staffs at lower cost, to serve the customers well and thus restructuring the company, and save money for that is essential for Sainsbury. Management practise: Jobs cut off seem to be a bad practise by the management. But in actual it is not. For the improvement of the company, but without raising the cost, that is, within the present budget, the company wants to restructure it and compete with the competitors to gain more customers. Thus, the management practise is not bad. Synopsis: On the fourth week of April 2015, Sainsbury, decided to cut off 800 jobs from their retail store (Retail-week.com, 2015).To adhere the demand of the customers they have decided to restructure their stores and also cost saving. Roger Burnley, the retail and operations director of Sainsbury has said that it was a tough decision from their part. They are working hard to deploy their employees in other stores, departments or shifts keeping in mind the welfare of the employees (tugby, 2015) Management issue: When a company faces economic problems where they have to take decisions to alter their structure according to the customer demands, it can be termed as management issue ('Journal of Management: Upcoming Issues', 2010). Sainsbury has to take this tough decision to cut off 800 jobs to restructure their resources and departments as per the customer needs hence bringing problem both for themselves and the employees ('Journal Of Management: Upcoming Issues'). Here, the company did not suffer from economic problems still it is a management issue. Because, the idea to maintain the present cost of the company on one hand, and within that economic limit, to restructure the whole company and to prepare it for competing with its cheap competitors like Aldi and Lidl for retaining superior customer service and more attractive stores. Factors Leading To The Decision The change in customers taste, demand and need has led Sainsbury to take such a decision. Again, the changes which reflect in the customers style of shopping, also bound the company to take such a decision. Also their plan to achieve the cost saving of 500m has urged Sainsbury take such a drastic step (Wiggenraad, 2015). Chance Of Recovery It can be said that, this new management approach is a success of the management department of the company, as they can reach their goal by the new plan. But on the other hand, job loss is an important factor, which also affects the economy of the country. Thus, recovery of this issue is also very important. Recovery can take place by providing job to these 800 jobless persons. Thus, instant recovery is not in the cards right now. They have said that, they are planning to cost save in the coming three years. Hence, a long term recovery plan is what they are aiming at. Conclusion The management is trying to handle the situation in the best possible way by deploying their employees in other departments, store or shifts, it may be in other industry, or in early morning shifts, and many more. But it will be difficult for them to accommodate all the 800 employees at once when all other rival stores are also adopting this technique to restructure themselves (Lipman, 2014). Thus, management should plan some other way out to give the jobs back to these 800 jobless people, and to make the overall economic condition of the country better. Reflections on A Transformational leader are encouraging and inspirational in nature, as a result helping the organization with a strong leader-worker relationship. In COSTCO WHOLESALE, they adhere by the group norms, give priorities to the human talent, efficiency and welcome new ideas. In contrast to the transactional leaders, who purely work on prior established goals, transformational leaders believe in change. COSTCO WHOLESALE also adapts to new ideas and change so that they can produce new and innovative products to the customers. Hence, we can say, COSTCO WHOLESALE entirely works on transformational leadership theory. Reflections on B According to me, QWL (Quality of work life) is the most important factor when it comes to professional career. Quality of work life is based on various components including, communication, security of job, involvement of the employees and careers growth of individual employees. It is the QWL of an organization that helps it grow in international levels. To add to this, QWL can also be termed as a remedy to cope up with stress, grievances and competitions. Reflections on C Sacking of employees in an organization, not only affect the individual but also the organization as whole as the organization has to face a lot of legal issues when it comes to termination of an employee. As per the news, not only Sainsbury but its rival companies like, Tesco, ASDA and Morrison has taken similar steps to cope up with the demands, hence it will be difficult for the employees to look for an alternative job. Hence, we can see it is a serious management issue, which do not hint at a instant recovery but a long term plan. Though the employees are being deployed but all other companies going the similar way, the deployment is not going to be a easy way out. References Journal of Management: Upcoming Issues. (2010). Journal Of Management, 36(6), 1608-1610. doi:10.1177/0149206310386551 Lipman, V. (2014). 3 Very Common Management Problems - And How To Avoid Them. Forbes. Retrieved 11 July 2015, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2014/04/15/3-very-common-management-problems-and-how-to-avoid-them/ Retail-week.com,. (2015). Top 50 UK retailers 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2015, from https://www.retail-week.com/property/top-50-uk-retailers-2009/5011196.article tugby, l. (2015). Sainsbury's to axe 800 jobs as part of in-store management restructure. Retail Week. Retrieved from https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/sainsburys-to-axe-800-jobs-as-part-of-in-store-management-restructure/5074294.article Wiggenraad, P. (2015). Analysis: Top 50 UK retailers 2012/13. Retail Week. Retrieved from https://www.retail-week.com/city-and-finance/analysis-top-50-uk-retailers-2012/13/5057111.article Blanchard, K., Carlos, J., Randolph, A. (2010). The 3 keys to empowerment. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Indianmba.com,. (2015). Quality of work life. Retrieved 11 July 2015, from https://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1374/fc1374.html Srivastava, S., Kanpur, R. (2014). A Study On Quality Of Work Life: Key Elements Its Implications (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publictopics.PublicPostFileLoader.html?id=556f34f75e9d977c9c8b45d8key=9717a6d5-a444-42c3-b7a0-078be51e2105 Weibe, V. (2014). Flexible Leadership Theory: A Costco Case Study. Retrieved from https://wwwiebe.com/flexible-leadership-theory-a-costco-case-study/ Yourarticlelibrary.com,. (2015). Quality of Work Life: its Meaning and Definition | Employee Management. Retrieved 11 July 2015, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/employee-management/quality-of-work-life-its-meaning-and-definition-employee-management/26112

Macbeth Acts 4 5 6 Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Acts 4 5 6 Today is the true day of all death. For shame, I am lonely in a world of lost hope. I have been deceived to the greatest extent. Those three weird sisters have gone very far to put me through such foulness. They had told me that if the woods of Birnham should move upon my castle that I shall be vanquished. This has become true as my scouts have informed me that such a task has been performed. How could this be? I do not know, but if I were to look into the night the answers would point to the overpowering army of Malcolm. This is all but a murmur in my heart, as the word of my wife's death has become my lost hope. For many days I have been aware of her sick mind and did nothing to solve it. If it was I who decided her contemplation with death let me die in the perilous battlefields of antiquity. My scouts have given warning that MacDuff is in the front-line. I must engage in the battle. May god have mercy on my soul and not let the prophecies of the weird sisters be true.

The Different Types of Business School Degrees

The Different Types of Business School Degrees Business degrees can greatly increase your job opportunities and earning potential. You can earn a general business degree or specialize in one of the  many different disciplines that can be pursued and combined. The options shown below are some the most common and popular  business school  degrees and specializations. Most of these degrees can be earned at the undergraduate and graduate level. Accounting Degree With the enactment of new corporate accounting laws in the U.S., accounting degrees are in demand. There are three different classes of accountants: Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Management Accountant (CMA), and Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) and the degree requirements vary for each. Students who earn degrees in accounting will study the aspects of managerial accounting, budgeting, financial analysis, auditing, taxation, and more.   Business Administration Students who major in business administration study the  management, performance and administrative functions of business operations. Administration can encompass everything from finance and economics to marketing and operations management. A business administration degree is very similar to a general business degree; sometimes the terms are used interchangeably.   Business Management Degree Degrees in business management can be pursued singularly or it can be combined with specialized studies. Students who earn business management degrees are prepared for managing positions in a wide range of companies. Advanced degrees can lead to high-paying positions such as CEO and Senior Administrator.   Entrepreneurship Degree Entrepreneurship degrees often include training that encompasses aspects of accounting, ethics, economics, finance, strategy, operations management, and marketing. Students who acquire a degree in entrepreneurship will be equipped with the knowledge needed to organize and operate a new business venture.   Finance Degree Finance degrees can lead to a variety of jobs in public and private organizations. Job opportunities include investment banker, budget analyst, loan officer, real estate professional, financial advisor, and money market manager. Because this profession is expected to grow at a very fast rate within the next ten years, students who achieve a degree in finance will most likely be in demand.   Human Resources Degree A degree in human resources is almost a necessity to work in the human resources field. This fast growing area of business is always in need of people with superior interpersonal skills who are well-versed in areas of recruitment, training, compensation and benefits administration, and human resources law.    Marketing Degree A degree is marketing is often combined with business management. Students who pursue marketing degrees will learn about advertising, strategy, product development, pricing, promotion, and consumer behavior.   Project Management Degree The field of project management really exploded on the business scene a couple of decades ago, and many business schools are still working to offer this degree option to business majors. Most of the people who earn a project management degree go on to work as a project manager. The average project manager has at least a bachelors degree, but masters degrees are not uncommon in the field and may be needed for more advanced positions.

Understanding Scaled Scores on Standardized Tests

Understanding Scaled Scores on Standardized Tests Scaled scores are a type of exam score. They are commonly used by testing companies that administer high stakes exams, such as admissions, certification and licensure exams. Scaled scores are also used for K-12 Common Core testing and other exams that assess student skills and evaluate learning progress. Raw Scores vs. Scaled Scores The first step to understanding scaled scores is to learn how they differ from raw scores. A raw score represents the number of exam questions you answer correctly. For example, if an exam has 100 questions, and you get 80 of them correct, your raw score is 80. Your percent-correct score, which is a type of raw score, is 80%, and your grade is a B-. A scaled score is a raw score that has been adjusted and converted to a standardized scale. If your raw score is 80 (because you got 80 out of 100 questions correct), that score is adjusted and converted into a scaled score. Raw scores can be converted linearly or nonlinearly. Scaled Score Example The ACT is an example of an exam that uses linear transformation to convert raw scores to scaled scores. The following conversation chart shows how raw scores from each section of the ACT are transformed into scaled scores.   Raw Score English Raw Score Math Raw Score Reading Raw Score Science Scaled Score 75 60 40 40 36 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 71 57 38 38 34 70 55-56 37 37 33 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 67 52-53 34 36 31 66 50-51 33 35 30 65 48-49 32 34 29 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 62 43-44 30 32 27 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 29-31 11-12 12-13 11 14 27-28 8-10 11 10 13 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 23-24 5-6 8 8 11 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 18-19 - - 5-6 9 15-17 3 5 - 8 12-14 - 4 4 7 10-11 2 3 3 6 8-9 - - 2 5 6-7 1 2 - 4 4-5 - - 1 3 2-3 - 1 - 2 0-1 0 0 0 1 Source: ACT.org The Equating Process The scaling process creates a base scale that serves as a reference for another process known as equating. The equating process is necessary to account for differences between multiple versions of the same test. Although test makers try to keep the difficulty level of a test the same from one version to the next, differences are inevitable. Equating allows the test maker to statistically adjust scores so that the average performance on version one of the test is equal to average performance on version two of the test, version three of the test and so on. After undergoing both scaling and equating, scaled scores should be interchangeable and easily comparable no matter which version of the test was taken.   Equating Example Lets look at an example to see how the equating process can impact scaled scores on standardized tests.  Imagine that say you and a friend are taking the SAT. You will both be taking the exam at the same test center, but you will be taking the test in January, and your friend will be taking the test in February. You have different testing dates, and there is no guarantee that you will both take the same version of the SAT. You may see one form of the test, while your friend sees another. Although both tests have similar content, the questions are not exactly the same. After taking the SAT, you and your friend get together and compare your results. You both got a raw score of 50 on the math section, but your scaled score is 710 and your friends scaled score is 700. Your pal wonders what happened since both of you got the same number of questions correct. But the explanation is pretty simple; you each took a different version of the test, and your version was more difficult than his. To get the same scaled score on the SAT, he would have needed to answer more questions correctly than you. Test makers that use an equating process use a different formula to create a unique scale for each version of the exam. This means that there is no one raw-to-scale-score conversion chart that can be used for every version of the exam. That is why, in our previous example, a raw score of 50 was converted into 710 on one day and 700 on another day. Keep this in mind as you are taking practice tests and using conversion charts to transform your raw score into a scaled score. Purpose of Scaled Scores Raw scores are definitely easier to calculate than scaled scores. But testing companies want to make sure that test scores can be fairly and accurately compared even if test takers take different versions, or forms, of the test on different dates. Scaled scores allow for accurate comparisons and ensure that people who took a more difficult test are not penalized, and people who took a less difficult test are not given an unfair advantage.

Social Science Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Science Studies - Essay Example This has been one of the most profound scientific investigations of man kind. The search for the answers to life have eluded man for decades, although in recent years many evolutionists, researchers, religious leaders, and other renowned historians claim that they are closer than ever to gaining the answers to the questions that have been sought after for centuries. Much of this is based on the phenomenon of religion and what it means to people in society. If anything, religion gives people something steadfast to believe in, and brings a source of inspiration to many lives. Without this specific icon of belief there are many that claim life would be blank and meaningless because religion is a part of the natural history of man. It is also claimed that the concept of religion was developed to exert social control over various groups in society. This is stated because it is known that the body of religion leads to many human emotions and activities. Some of these being very profound emotional states such as fear, wonder, reverence, gratitude, love, prayer, worship, and ultimate sacrifice (Swatos 2006). There is no doubt that those who follow a religious faith turned towards their religion as a guidance to help them in their lives. Also, whether people are going through good times or bad, they are found to worship what they believe in and it dictates many aspects of their life to them, basically in a sense of understanding what is right and wrong. Furthermore, as has been mentioned, many moral decisions are based around the essence of religion. For Christians, they realize that committing an act such as murder might condemn them to hell so by following the structure of their religious teachings they would ref rain themselves from such an act regardless of what might have lead to the contemplation of it to begin with. So it can be seen that another possibility for the science of religion lies in the concept of morals in human kind (Cline 2006). To delve a little deeper into the meaning in behind religion it is found that a great deal of people who are religious turn to their beliefs for many answers. They do believe that what they worship will provide them with the answers that they seek. At times this is very true and others it is not, but it gives purpose to many peoples lives. As it has been stated, those who follow a religious stature would not fully grasp their purpose in life or feel as whole without its presence. In this regard many could claim that it developed to bring a sense of peace to the human race so that they would feel more at ease in times of troubles and strife. It is feasible to see how the scientific context for religion has developed through the ages. The search for how human kind developed lead to the strong need of faith to try and interpret and understand for many, many people throughout the world. Though many religious ideas differ they all hold certain similarities as well. For whatever the reason it has become a very profound state of being in the world for many different ethnicities and cultural groups. Education Education in society has a variety of reasons for developing and playing a big part in the social life of all people. Without the educational system societies all

Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair Essay

Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair - Essay Example The essay "Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair" analyzes wo paintings, Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair by Frida Kahlo and Gold Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol. Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair, by Frida Kahlo hangs at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, currently on show among other masterpieces of the time. Kahlo painted this medium-sized canvas in 1940, shortly after her divorce from Diego Rivera. Theirs was a tempestuous relationship, shown by their remarriage the following year and the content of this picture, which shows Kahlo after she sheared off most of her long hair . Many art critics have opinions about why she painted herself in such a masculine way: short hair, man’s suit, unladylike posture. It is perhaps to state that after her husband’s infidelity with her own sister Cristina, she was making herself unattractive, unfeminine and unapproachable. Others say she always had masculine tendencies, shown by her relationships with women. The tru th lies somewhere between, more related to grief and mourning than to statements of gender. Kahlo was part Jewish. She was very close to her German-Jewish father Wilhelm Kahlo , and was probably expressing the Jewish way of grieving something lost, something dead: her love. The verse from Jeremiah (Ch 7, v 29), in the Old Testament: ‘Shave your head in mourning, and weep alone on the mountains.’ And in Micah Ch 1:1, ‘Weep, you people of Judah! Shave your heads in sorrow...’ are well known. It is almost certain Kahlo would have known.